An inoculating loop can be used to transfer bacteria. It is sterilised by heating it to red hot in a Bunsen flame, before and after use. To inoculate the agar, lift the lid of the Petri dish and tilt.

Unlike a band that would unwind if released, DNA gyrase stabilizes DNA's twisted form, making it functional for bacteria. The enzyme wraps DNA in a 'figure-of-eight' loop, then precisely breaks ...

Unlike a band that would unwind if released, DNA gyrase stabilises DNA’s twisted form, making it functional for bacteria. The enzyme wraps DNA in a ‘figure-of-eight’ loop, then precisely ...